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I am a conservation practitioner and researcher specialising in human–elephant conflict in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. I began my work by studying elephant behaviour, movement, and habitat use using ecological and field-based scientific approaches. This work has helped me identify movement patterns, critical habitats, and areas where elephants and people are most likely to interact.

Building on this foundation, I have expanded my approach to include social science perspectives, recognising that human–elephant conflict is not only an ecological issue but also a human one. I now integrate insights on community perceptions, behaviour, and environmental justice to better understand its underlying drivers.

My work increasingly focuses on addressing root causes such as habitat fragmentation and landscape connectivity. I am currently developing initiatives to improve connectivity for elephants within oil palm landscapes and livelihood-based insurance schemes to reduce the economic risks of living alongside elephants.