Livelihoods and economics

Acha, A., M. Temesgen, and H. Bauer. 2018. Human–wildlife conflicts and their associated livelihood impacts in and around Chebera-Churchura National Park, Ethiopia. Society & Natural Resources 31:260-275.  External resource

Acharya, K. P., P. K. Paudel, P. R. Neupane, and M. Kohl. 2016. Human-wildlife conflicts in Nepal: patterns of human fatalities and injuries caused by large mammals. Plos One 11:18.  Download

Anand, S., and S. Radhakrishna. 2017. Investigating trends in human-wildlife conflict: is conflict escalation real or imagined? Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 10:154-161.  Download

 

Araneda, P., O. Ohrens, and J. T. Ibarra. 2021. Socioeconomic development and ecological traits as predictors of human-bird conflicts. Conservation Biology.  External resource 

Atickem, A., S. Williams, A. Bekele, and S. Thirgood. 2010. Livestock predation in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. African Journal of Ecology 48:1076-1082.  External resource

Barirega, A., M. Buyinza, F. Kansiime, and G. Basuta-Isabirye. 2010. The effects of crop raiding on household food security in the Albertine Rift: a case study of Queen Elizabeth National Park, western Uganda. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 15:45-54.  External resource

Barua, M., S. A. Bhagwat, and S. Jadhav. 2013. The hidden dimensions of human-wildlife conflict: health impacts, opportunity and transaction costs. Biological Conservation 157:309-316.  External resource

Bond, J., and K. Mkutu. 2018. Exploring the hidden costs of human–wildlife conflict in northern Kenya. African Studies Review 61:33-54.  External resource

Butler, J. R. A. 2000. The economic costs of wildlife predation on livestock in Gokwe communal land, Zimbabwe. African Journal of Ecology 38:23-30.  External resource

Choudhury, A. 2004. Human–elephant conflicts in northeast India. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 9:261-270.  External resource

DeMotts, R., and P. Hoon. 2012. Whose elephants? Conserving, compensating, and competing in northern Botswana. Society & Natural Resources 25:837-851.  External resource

Graham, K., A. P. Beckerman, and S. Thirgood. 2005. Human-predator-prey conflicts: ecological correlates, prey losses and patterns of management. Biological Conservation 122:159-171.  External resource

Gulati, S., K. K. Karanth, N. A. Le, and F. Noack. 2021. Human casualties are the dominant cost of human–wildlife conflict in India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118:e1921338118.  Download

Hill, C. M. 1997. Crop-raiding by wild vertebrates: the farmer's perspective in an agricultural community in western Uganda. International Journal of Pest Management 43:77-84.  External resource

Hill, C. M. 2000. Conflict of interest between people and baboons: crop raiding in Uganda. International Journal of Primatology 21:299-315.  External resource

Holmern, T., J. Nyahongo, and E. Roskaft. 2007. Livestock loss caused by predators outside the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Biological Conservation 135:518-526.  External resource

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Jacobsen, K. S., E. D. Sandorf, A. J. Loveridge, A. J. Dickman, P. J. Johnson, S. Mourato, D. Contu, and D. W. Macdonald. 2022. What is a lion worth to local people – quantifying of the costs of living alongside a top predator. Ecological Economics 198:107431.   External resource 

Jacobsen, K. S., A. J. Dickman, D. W. Macdonald, S. Mourato, P. Johnson, L. Sibanda, and A. J. Loveridge. 2020. The importance of tangible and intangible factors in human-carnivore coexistence. Conservation Biology.  External resource

Johnson, M. F., K. K. Karanth, and E. Weinthal. 2018. Compensation as a policy for mitigating human-wildlife conflict around four protected areas in Rajasthan, India. Conservation and Society 16:305-319.  Download

 

Joram, N. and Nyathi, D. 2024. Complexities of Conflict: Climate Change, Elephants and Local Livelihoods in Lupane, Zimbabwe. EHASS, 5(13):2382-2397. External resource

Linkie, M., Y. Dinata, A. Nofrianto, and N. Leader-Williams. 2007. Patterns and perceptions of wildlife crop raiding in and around Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra. Animal Conservation 10:127-135.  Download

 

Long, H., D. Mojo, C. Fu, G. Wang, E. Kanga, A. M. O. Oduor, and L. Zhang. 2020. Patterns of human-wildlife conflict and management implications in Kenya: a national perspective. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 25:121-135.  External resource

Mackenzie, C. A., and P. Ahabyona. 2012. Elephants in the garden: financial and social costs of crop raiding. Ecological Economics 75:72-82.  External resource

Manfredo, M. J. 2015. Essays on human–wildlife conflict 10 years after the Durban World Parks Congress: an introduction. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 20:285-288.  External resource

Manoa, D., F. Mwaura, T. Thuita, and S. Mukhovi. 2020. A review of the visible and hidden opportunity costs of human-wildlife conflict in Kenya. J Biodivers Manage Forestry 9 2:2.  External resource

Manral, U., S. Sengupta, S. A. Hussain, S. Rana, and R. Badola. 2016. Human wildlife conflict in India: a review of economic implication of loss and preventive measures. Indian Forester 142:928-940.  External resource

Mc Guinness, S., and D. Taylor. 2014. Farmers’ perceptions and actions to decrease crop raiding by forest-dwelling primates around a Rwandan forest fragment. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 19:179-190.  Download

McManus, J. S., A. J. Dickman, D. Gaynor, B. H. Smuts, and D. W. Macdonald. 2015. Dead or alive? Comparing costs and benefits of lethal and non-lethal human-wildlife conflict mitigation on livestock farms. Oryx 49:687-695.  Download

Mhuriro-Mashapa, P., E. Mwakiwa, and C. Mashapa. 2018. Socio-economic impact of human-wildlife conflicts on agriculture based livelihood in the periphery of Save Valley Conservancy, southern Zimbabwe. The Journal of Plant and Animal Sciences 28:12-16.  External resource

Michalski, F., R. L. P. Boulhosa, A. Faria, and C. A. Peres. 2006. Human-wildlife conflicts in a fragmented Amazonian forest landscape: determinants of large felid depredation on livestock. Animal Conservation 9:179-188.  Download

Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife. 2020. Report of the Task Force on Human-Wildlife Conflict Compensation Schemes in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya.  External resource

Muriuki, M. W., H. Ipara, and J. W. Kiringe. 2017. The cost of livestock lost to lions and other wildlife species in the Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya. European Journal of Wildlife Research 63:1-11.  Download

Naughton-Treves, L. 1998. Predicting patterns of crop damage by wildlife around Kibale National Park, Uganda. Conservation Biology 12:156-168.  External resource  

O'Connell-Rodwell, C. E., T. Rodwell, M. Rice, and L. A. Hart. 2000. Living with the modern conservation paradigm: can agricultural communities co-exist with elephants? A five-year case study in East Caprivi, Namibia. Biological Conservation 93:381-391.  External resource

Ogra, M. V. 2008. Human-wildlife conflict and gender in protected area borderlands: a case study of costs, perceptions, and vulnerabilities from Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal), India. Geoforum 39:1408-1422.  External resource

 

Oliva-Vidal, P., A. Hernández-Matías, D. García, M. À. Colomer, J. Real, and A. Margalida. 2022. Griffon vultures, livestock and farmers: unraveling a complex socio-economic ecological conflict from a conservation perspective. Biological Conservation 272:109664.  Download 

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Parker, B. G., K. S. Jacobsen, J. A. Vucetich, A. J. Dickman, A. J. Loveridge, and D. W. Macdonald. 2022. Towards equitable conservation: social capital, fear and livestock loss shape perceived benefit from a protected area. Journal of Environmental Management 319:115676.  Download 

Patterson, B. D., S. M. Kasiki, E. Selempo, and R. W. Kays. 2004. Livestock predation by lions (Panthera leo) and other carnivores on ranches neighboring Tsavo National Parks, Kenya. Biological Conservation 119:507-516.  External resource

Redpath, S. M., S. Bhatia, and J. Young. 2015. Tilting at wildlife: reconsidering human-wildlife conflict. Oryx 49:222-225.  Download

Schulz, C.-E., and A. Skonhoft. 1996. Wildlife management, land-use and conflicts. Environment and Development Economics 1:265-280.  External resource

Stoldt, M., T. Göttert, C. Mann, and U. Zeller. 2020. Transfrontier conservation areas and human-wildlife conflict: the case of the Namibian component of the Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) TFCA. Scientific Reports 10:7964.  Download

Sutton, W. R., D. M. Larson, and L. S. Jarvis. 2008. Assessing the costs of living with wildlife in developing countries using willingness to pay. Environment and Development Economics 13:475-495.  External resource

Vedeld, P., A. Jumane, G. Wapalila, and A. Songorwa. 2012. Protected areas, poverty and conflicts: a livelihood case study of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania. Forest Policy and Economics 21:20-31.  External resource

Wang, S. W., and D. W. Macdonald. 2006. Livestock predation by carnivores in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Bhutan. Biological Conservation 129:558-565.  External resource

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