Gender

This section examines the role of gender in human-wildlife conflicts and conservation. Gender shapes experiences, perceptions, and responses to wildlife, influencing participation in management, access to resources, and risk exposure. Integrating a gender perspective can improve equity and effectiveness in conservation strategies.

Key Papers

Alexander, J. S., R. Murali, T. N. Mijiddorj, B. Agvaantseren, C. Lhamo, D. Sharma, K. R. Suryawanshi, L. Zhi, K. Sharma, and J. C. Young. 2023. Applying a gender lens to biodiversity conservation in High Asia. Frontiers in Conservation Science 4.   Download

Alexander, J. S., A. Bijoor, K. Gurmet, R. Murali, C. Mishra, and K. R. Suryawanshi. 2022. Engaging women brings conservation benefits to snow leopard landscapes. Environmental Conservation:1-7.  External resource

Almuna, R. et al. 2022. We are silently paving the way toward human–wildlife coexistence: the role of women in human–wildlife coexistence and future directions. Frontiers in Conservation Science, 24(3). External resources

Banerjee, S., and S. Sharma. 2021. En-gendering human-wildlife interactions in Northeast India: towards decolonized conservation. Journal of Political Ecology 28.  Download

Doubleday, K. F., and E. C. Rubino. 2021. Tigers bringing risk and security: gendered perceptions of tiger reintroduction in Rajasthan, India. Ambio.  External resource

Evodius, W. R. 2023. Rural women vulnerability to human–wildlife conflicts: lessons from villages near Mikumi National Park, southeast Tanzania. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 15(3):92–105. External resources

Gore, M. L. and Kahler, J. S. 2012. Gendered risk perceptions associated with human–wildlife conflict: implications for participatory conservation. PLOS ONE, 7(3): e32901. External resources

Gore, M. L., Knuth, B. A., Curtis, P. D. and Shanahan, J. E. 2008. Evaluating a conservation investment designed to reduce human–wildlife conflict’, Conservation Letters, 1(3). External resources

Halder S, Ruiz-Casares M, Yamaguchi S, Dhali HH, Mukherjee R, Calderon-Moya M, Mandal A, Rankin S, Guzder J, Ghosh R. Nature, Causes, and Impact of Human–Wildlife Interactions on Women and Children Across Cultures. World. 2025; 6(2):55. External resources

James R, Gibbs B, Whitford L, Leisher C, Konia R, Butt N. Conservation and natural resource management: where are all the women? Oryx. 2021;55(6):860-867. External resources

Khumalo, K.E. et. al. 2015. Women, human–wildlife conflict, and CBNRM: hidden impacts from Kwandu Conservancy, Namibia. Conservation & Society, 13(3):232-243. External resources

Lau, J. D., et al. 2020. Three lessons for gender equity in biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology, 34(6):1589-1591. External resources

Nightingale, A. 2006. The Nature of Gender: Work, Gender, and Environment. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 24(2), 165-185. External resources

Ogra, M. V. 2008. Human–wildlife conflict and gender in protected-area borderlands: a case study of costs, perceptions and vulnerabilities from Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal), India. Geoforum, 39(3), pp. 1408–1422. External resources

Omedo, M. A. and Majale, C. 2022. Gender dynamics and human–wildlife conflicts in Maasai Mara Game Reserve, Kenya. East African Journal of Environmental and Natural Resources Research, 5(1). External resources

Soliku, O. 2021. Gendered impacts of conservation on rural communities in northern Ghana: implications for collaborative natural resources management. Society & Natural Resources 34:1-17.  External resource

Stevens, M., Rawat, S., & Satterfield, T. 2025. Care, conflict, and coexistence: Human–wildlife relations in community forests. People and Nature, 7, 231–246. External resources