Lynx
Guidance Documents
Livestock guarding dogs - cultural heritage icons with a new relevance for mitigating conservation conflicts (2015). (Linnell, J.D.C. and Lescureux, N.) External resource
Key Papers
Alexander, J., P. J. Chen, P. Damerell, W. Youkui, J. Hughes, K. Shi, and P. Riordan. 2015. Human wildlife conflict involving large carnivores in Qilianshan, China and the minimal paw-print of snow leopards. Biological Conservation 187:1-9. External resource
Andersen, R., J. Karlsen, L. B. Austmo, J. Odden, J. D. C. Linnell, and J.-M. Gaillard. 2007. Selectivity of Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and recreational hunters for age, sex and body condition in roe deer Capreolus capreolus. Wildlife Biology 13:467-474. Download
Barmoen, M., K. M. Bærum, M. Johansson, and K. E. Mathiesen. 2021. Trust in large carnivore science in Norway. European Journal of Wildlife Research 67:98. Download
Bath, A., A. Olszanska, and H. Okarma. 2008. From a human dimensions perspective, the unknown large carnivore: public attitudes toward Eurasian lynx in Poland. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 13:31-46. External resource
Bennett, J., A. Sjölander-Lindqvist, C. Sandström, and S. Larsson. 2022. Addressing the Swedish large carnivore controversy: identifying roadblocks in collaborative governance to reduce conflict. Frontiers in Conservation Science 3. Download
Breitenmoser, U., C. Breitenmoser-Würsten, S. Capt, A. Molinari-Jobin, P. Molinari, and F. Zimmermann. 2007. Conservation of the lynx Lynx lynx in the Swiss Jura Mountains. Wildlife Biology 13:340-355. Download
Chapron, G., P. Kaczensky, J. D. C. Linnell, M. von Arx, D. Huber, H. Andren, J. V. Lopez-Bao, M. Adamec, F. Alvares, O. Anders, L. Balciauskas, V. Balys, P. Bedo, F. Bego, J. C. Blanco, U. Breitenmoser, H. Broseth, L. Bufka, R. Bunikyte, P. Ciucci, A. Dutsov, T. Engleder, C. Fuxjager, C. Groff, K. Holmala, B. Hoxha, Y. Iliopoulos, O. Ionescu, J. Jeremic, K. Jerina, G. Kluth, F. Knauer, I. Kojola, I. Kos, M. Krofel, J. Kubala, S. Kunovac, J. Kusak, M. Kutal, O. Liberg, A. Majic, P. Mannil, R. Manz, E. Marboutin, F. Marucco, D. Melovski, K. Mersini, Y. Mertzanis, R. W. Myslajek, S. Nowak, J. Odden, J. Ozolins, G. Palomero, M. Paunovic, J. Persson, H. Potocnik, P. Y. Quenette, G. Rauer, I. Reinhardt, R. Rigg, A. Ryser, V. Salvatori, T. Skrbinsek, A. Stojanov, J. E. Swenson, L. Szemethy, A. Trajce, E. Tsingarska-Sedefcheva, M. Vana, R. Veeroja, P. Wabakken, M. Wofl, S. Wolfl, F. Zimmermann, D. Zlatanova, and L. Boitani. 2014. Recovery of large carnivores in Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes. Science 346:1517-1519. External resource
Chen, P. J., Y. F. Gao, A. T. L. Lee, L. Cering, K. Shi, and S. G. Clark. 2016. Human-carnivore coexistence in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Nature Reserve, China: patterns and compensation. Biological Conservation 197:18-26. External resource
Cinque, S., A. Sjölander-Lindqvist, and C. Sandström. 2021. Frontline bureaucrats in wildlife management: caught in the dilemma between effectiveness and responsiveness. Environmental Policy and Governance. Download
Cretois, B., J. D. C. Linnell, B. Van Moorter, P. Kaczensky, E. B. Nilsen, J. Parada, and J. K. Rød. 2021. Coexistence of large mammals and humans is possible in Europe's anthropogenic landscapes. iScience 24. Download
Frank, J., and A. Eklund. 2017. Poor construction, not time, takes its toll on subsidised fences designed to deter large carnivores. Plos One 12:e0175211. Download
Garrote, G., G. Lopez, J. M. Gil-Sanchez, E. Rojas, M. Ruiz, J. F. Bueno, S. de Lillo, J. Rodriguez-Siles, J. M. Martin, J. Perez, M. Garcia-Tardio, G. Valenzuela, and M. A. Simon. 2013. Human-felid conflict as a further handicap to the conservation of the critically endangered Iberian lynx. European Journal of Wildlife Research 59:287-290. External resource
Garrote, G., G. Lopez, M. Ruiz, S. De Lillo, J. F. Bueno, and M. A. Simon. 2015. Effectiveness of electric fences as a means to prevent Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) predation on lambs. Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy 26:61-62. Download
Gervasi, V., J. D. C. Linnell, T. Berce, L. Boitani, R. Cerne, P. Ciucci, B. Cretois, D. Derron-Hilfiker, C. Duchamp, A. Gastineau, O. Grente, D. Huber, Y. Iliopoulos, A. A. Karamanlidis, I. Kojola, F. Marucco, Y. Mertzanis, P. Männil, H. Norberg, N. Pagon, L. Pedrotti, P.-Y. Quenette, S. Reljic, V. Salvatori, T. Talvi, M. von Arx, and O. Gimenez. 2021. Ecological correlates of large carnivore depredation on sheep in Europe. Global Ecology and Conservation 30:e01798. Download
Gervasi, V., E. B. Nilsen, J. Odden, Y. Bouyer, and J. D. C. Linnell. 2014. The spatio-temporal distribution of wild and domestic ungulates modulates lynx kill rates in a multi-use landscape. Journal of Zoology 292:175-183. Download
Grossmann, C. M., L. Patkó, D. Ortseifen, E. Kimmig, E.-M. Cattoen, and U. Schraml. 2020. Human-large carnivores co-existence in Europe – a comparative stakeholder network analysis. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8. Download
Herfindal, I., J. D. C. Linnell, P. F. Moa, J. Odden, L. B. Austmo, and R. Andersen. 2005. Does recreational hunting of lynx reduce depredation losses of domestic sheep? Journal of Wildlife Management 69:1034-1042. External resource
Hobbs, N. T., H. Andren, J. Persson, M. Aronsson, and G. Chapron. 2012. Native predators reduce harvest of reindeer by Sami pastoralists. Ecological Applications 22:1640-1654. External resource
Inskip, C., and A. Zimmermann. 2009. Human-felid conflict: a review of patterns and priorities worldwide. Oryx 43:18-34. External resource
Kachel, S., K. Anderson, and Q. Shokirov. 2022. Predicting carnivore habitat use and livestock depredation risk with false-positive multi-state occupancy models. Biological Conservation 271:109588. External resource
Karlsson, J., and Ö. Johansson. 2009. Predictability of repeated carnivore attacks on livestock favours reactive use of mitigation measures. Journal of Applied Ecology 47:166-171. External resource
Lescureux, N., and J. D. C. Linnell. 2010. Knowledge and perceptions of Macedonian hunters and herders: the influence of species specific ecology of bears, wolves, and lynx. Human Ecology 38:389-399. External resource
Lescureux, N., J. D. C. Linnell, S. Mustafa, D. Melovski, A. Stojanov, G. Ivanov, V. Avukatov, M. von Arx, and U. Breitenmoser. 2011. Fear of the unknown: local knowledge and perceptions of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in western Macedonia. Oryx 45:600-607. External resource
Linnell, J. D. C. 2013. From conflict to coexistence: insights from multi-disciplinary research into the relationships between people, large carnivores and institutions. Istituto di Ecologia Applicata, Rome. Download
Liukkonen, T., S. Mykrä, J. Bisi, and S. Kurki. 2009. Conflicts and compromises in Lynx Lynx lynx conservation and management in Finland. Wildlife Biology 15:165-174. Download
Mabille, G., A. Stien, T. Tveraa, A. Mysterud, H. Broseth, and J. D. C. Linnell. 2015. Sheep farming and large carnivores: what are the factors influencing claimed losses? Ecosphere 6:17. Download
Mabille, G., A. Stien, T. Tveraa, A. Mysterud, H. Brøseth, and J. D. C. Linnell. 2016. Mortality and lamb body mass growth in free‐ranging domestic sheep – environmental impacts including lethal and non‐lethal impacts of predators. Ecography 39:763-773. External resource
Mathiesen, K. E., M. Barmoen, K. M. Bærum, and M. Johansson. 2021. Trust in researchers and researchers' statements in large carnivore conservation. People and Nature. Download
Mattisson, J., G. B. Arntsen, E. B. Nilsen, L. E. Loe, J. D. C. Linnell, J. Odden, J. Persson, and H. Andren. 2014. Lynx predation on semi-domestic reindeer: do age and sex matter? Journal of Zoology 292:56-63. Download
Mattisson, J., J. Odden, and J. D. C. Linnell. 2014. A catch-22 conflict: access to semi-domestic reindeer modulates Eurasian lynx depredation on domestic sheep. Biological Conservation 179:116-122. Download
Mattisson, J., J. Odden, E. B. Nilsen, J. D. C. Linnell, J. Persson, and H. Andren. 2011. Factors affecting Eurasian lynx kill rates on semi-domestic reindeer in northern Scandinavia: can ecological research contribute to the development of a fair compensation system? Biological Conservation 144:3009-3017. External resource
Moa, P. F., I. Herfindal, J. D. C. Linnell, K. Overskaug, T. Kvam, and R. Andersen. 2006. Does the spatiotemporal distribution of livestock influence forage patch selection in Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx? Wildlife Biology 12:63-70. Download
Næss, M. W., B.-J. Bårdsen, E. Pedersen, and T. Tveraa. 2011. Pastoral herding strategies and governmental management objectives: predation compensation as a risk buffering strategy in the Saami reindeer husbandry. Human Ecology 39:489-508. Download
Namgail, T., J. L. Fox, and Y. V. Bhatnagar. 2007. Carnivore-caused livestock mortality in Trans-Himalaya. Environmental Management 39:490-496. External resource
Nilsen, E. B., J. D. C. Linnell, J. Odden, and R. Andersen. 2009. Climate, season, and social status modulate the functional response of an efficient stalking predator: the Eurasian lynx. Journal of Animal Ecology 78:741-751. External resource
Odden, J., I. Herfindal, J. D. C. Linnell, and R. Andersen. 2008. Vulnerability of domestic sheep to lynx depredation in relation to roe deer density. Journal of Wildlife Management 72:276-282. External resource
Odden, J., J. D. C. Linnell, and R. Andersen. 2006. Diet of Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx, in the boreal forest of southeastern Norway: the relative importance of livestock and hares at low roe deer density. European Journal of Wildlife Research 52:237-244. External resource
Odden, J., J. D. C. Linnell, P. F. Moa, I. Herfindal, T. Kvam, and R. Andersen. 2002. Lynx depredation on domestic sheep in Norway. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:98-105. External resource
Odden, J., E. B. Nilsen, and J. D. C. Linnell. 2013. Density of wild prey modulates lynx kill rates on free-ranging domestic sheep. Plos One 8:e79261 Download
Oliveira, T., A. Treves, J. V. López-Bao, and M. Krofel. 2021. The contribution of the LIFE program to mitigating damages caused by large carnivores in Europe. Global Ecology and Conservation 31:e01815. Download
Pedersen, V. A., J. D. C. Linnell, R. Andersen, H. Andren, M. Linden, and P. Segerstrom. 1999. Winter lynx Lynx lynx predation on semi-domestic reindeer Rangifer tarandus in northern Sweden. Wildlife Biology 5:203-211. Download
Rigg, R., S. Findo, M. Wechselberger, M. L. Gorman, C. Sillero-Zubiri, and D. W. Macdonald. 2011. Mitigating carnivore-livestock conflict in Europe: lessons from Slovakia. Oryx 45:272-280. External resource
Rode, J., L. Flinzberger, R. Karutz, A. Berghöfer, and C. Schröter-Schlaack. 2021. Why so negative? Exploring the socio-economic impacts of large carnivores from a European perspective. Biological Conservation 255:108918. External resource
Roskaft, E., T. Bjerke, B. Kaltenborn, J. D. C. Linnell, and R. Andersen. 2003. Patterns of self-reported fear towards large carnivores among the Norwegian public. Evolution and Human Behavior 24:184-198. External resource
Stahl, P., J. M. Vandel, V. Herrenschmidt, and P. Migot. 2001. The effect of removing lynx in reducing attacks on sheep in the French Jura Mountains. Biological Conservation 101:15-22. External resource
Stahl, P., J. M. Vandel, V. Herrenschmidt, and P. Migot. 2001. Predation on livestock by an expanding reintroduced lynx population: long‐term trend and spatial variability. Journal of Applied Ecology 38:674-687. External resource
Stahl, P., J. M. Vandel, S. Ruette, L. Coat, Y. Coat, and L. Balestra. 2002. Factors affecting lynx predation on sheep in the French Jura. Journal of Applied Ecology 39:204-216. External resource
Treves, A. 2009. Hunting for large carnivore conservation. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:1350-1356. External resource
Tveraa, T., A. Stien, H. Broseth, and N. G. Yoccoz. 2014. The role of predation and food limitation on claims for compensation, reindeer demography and population dynamics. Journal of Applied Ecology 51:1264-1272. Download
Vucetich, J. A., J. T. Bruskotter, and D. W. Macdonald. 2021. Can deliberative democracy favor a flourishing relationship between humans and carnivores? Frontiers in Conservation Science 2. Download
Wilson, C. J. 2004. Could we live with reintroduced large carnivores in the UK? Mammal Review 34:211-232. External resource
Books and book chapters
Breitenmoser, U., A. Ryser, A. Molinari-Jobin, F. Zimmermann, H. Haller, P. Molinari, and C. Breitenmoser-Würsten. 2010. The changing impact of predation as a source of conflict between hunters and reintroduced lynx in Switzerland. Pages 493-506 in D. W. Macdonald and A. J. Loveridge, editors. Biology and conservation of wild felids. Oxford University Press, London. External resource