Livestock guarding

Akyazi, I., Y. Z. Ograk, E. Eraslan, M. Arslan, and E. Matur. Livestock guarding behaviour of Kangal dogs in their native habitat. Applied Animal Behaviour Science.  External resource

 

Allen, B. L., L. R. Allen, G. Ballard, M. Drouilly, P. J. S. Fleming, J. O. Hampton, M. W. Hayward, G. I. H. Kerley, P. D. Meek, L. Minnie, M. J. O'Riain, D. M. Parker, and M. J. Somers. 2019. Animal welfare considerations for using large carnivores and guardian dogs as vertebrate biocontrol tools against other animals. Biological Conservation 232:258-270.  External resource

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Allen, L. R., N. Stewart-Moore, D. Byrne, and B. L. Allen. 2017. Guardian dogs protect sheep by guarding sheep, not by establishing territories and excluding predators. Animal Production Science 57:1118-1127.  External resource

 

Andelt, W. 2004. Use of livestock guarding animals to reduce predation on livestock.  Download

 

Andelt, W. F. 1992. Effectiveness of livestock guarding dogs for reducing predation on domestic sheep. Wildlife Society Bulletin (1973-2006) 20:55-62.  External resource

 

Andelt, W. F. 1995. Livestock guard dogs, llamas and donkeys for reducing livestock losses to predators. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.  Download

 

Andelt, W. F., and S. N. Hopper. 2000. Livestock guard dogs reduce predation on domestic sheep in Colorado. Journal of Range Management 53:259-267.  External resource

 

Aslam, A., C. O'Flaherty, L. Marker, and N. Rooney. 2022. Factors affecting livestock guarding dogs’ proximity to their herd and association with perceived effectiveness. Journal of Veterinary Behavior.   External resource

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Bangs, E. E., and J. Shivik. 2001. Managing wolf conflicts with livestock in the Northwest United States. Carnivore Damage Prevention News 3:2-5.  Download

 

Black, H. L., and J. S. Green. 1985. Navajo use of mixed-breed dogs for management of predators. Journal of Range Management 38:11-15.  External resource

 

Bourne, J. 1994. Protecting livestock with guard donkeys. Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development.  Download

 

Cavalcanti, S. M. C., and F. F. Knowlton. 1998. Evaluation of physical and behavioral traits of llamas associated with aggressiveness toward sheep-threatening canids. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 61:143-158.  External resource

 

Coppinger, R., J. Lorenz, J. Glendinning, and P. Pinardi. 1983. Attentiveness of guarding dogs for reducing predation on domestic sheep. Journal of Range Management 36:275-279.  External resource

 

Eklund, A., J. V. López-Bao, M. Tourani, G. Chapron, and J. Frank. 2017. Limited evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce livestock predation by large carnivores. Scientific Reports 7:2097.  Download

 

Gehring, T. M., K. C. VerCauteren, and J.-M. Landry. 2010. Livestock protection dogs in the 21st century: is an ancient tool relevant to modern conservation challenges? Bioscience 60:299-308.  Download

 

Gehring, T. M., K. C. VerCauteren, M. L. Provost, and A. C. Cellar. 2010. Utility of livestock-protection dogs for deterring wildlife from cattle farms. Wildlife Research 37:715-721.  External resource

 

Gingold, G., Y. Yom-Tov, N. Kronfeld-Schor, and E. Geffen. 2009. Effect of guard dogs on the behavior and reproduction of gazelles in cattle enclosures on the Golan Heights. Animal Conservation 12:155-162.  External resource

 

González, A., A. Novaro, M. Funes, O. Pailacura, M. J. Bolgeri, and S. Walker. 2012. Mixed-breed guarding dogs reduce conflict between goat herders and native carnivores in Patagonia. Human–Wildlife Interactions 6:14.  Download

 

Green, J. S., and R. A. Woodruff. 1988. Breed comparisons and characteristics of use of livestock guarding dogs. Journal of Range Management:249-251.  External resource

 

Green, J. S., R. A. Woodruff, and T. T. Tueller. 1984. Livestock-guarding dogs for predator control: costs, benefits, and practicality. Wildlife Society Bulletin (1973-2006) 12:44-50.  External resource

 

Hansen, I., and M. Bakken. 1999. Livestock-guarding dogs in Norway: part I. Interactions. Journal of Range Management:2-6.  External resource

 

Hansen, I., and M. E. Smith. 1999. Livestock-guarding dogs in Norway Part II: Different working regimes. Journal of Range Management:312-316.  External resource

 

Horgan, J. E., L. K. Van Der Weyde, J. Comley, R. Klein, and D. M. Parker. 2021. Every dog has its day: indigenous Tswana dogs are more practical livestock guardians in an arid African savanna compared with their expatriate cousins. Journal of Vertebrate Biology 69:1-16.  External resource

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Khorozyan, I., M. Soofi, M. Soufi, A. K. Hamidi, A. Ghoddousi, and M. Waltert. 2017. Effects of shepherds and dogs on livestock depredation by leopards (Panthera pardus) in north-eastern Iran. Peerj 5:e3049.  Download

 

Kinka, D., J. T. Schultz, and J. K. Young. 2021. Wildlife responses to livestock guard dogs and domestic sheep on open range. Global Ecology and Conservation:e01823.  Download

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Landry, J.-M., P. Olsson, A. Siegenthaler, P. Jackson, and A. Farrell. 1999. The use of guard dogs in the Swiss Alps: a first analysis. KORA, Koordinierte Forschungsprojekte zur Erhaltung und zum Management der Raubtiere in der Schweiz.  External resource

 

Landry, J. 2000. Testing livestock guard donkeys in the Swiss Alps. Carnivore Damage Prevention News 1:6-7.  Download

 

Lescureux, N., and J. D. C. Linnell. 2014. Warring brothers: the complex interactions between wolves (Canis lupus) and dogs (Canis familiaris) in a conservation context. Biological Conservation 171:232-245.  External resource

 

Lieb, Z., B. Tumurbaatar, B. Elfström, and J. Bull. 2021. Impact of livestock guardian dogs on livestock predation in rural Mongolia. Conservation Science and Practice n/a:e509.  Download

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Lorenz, J. R. 1985. Introducing livestock-guarding dogs.  Download

 

Lorenz, J. R., R. P. Coppinger, and M. R. Sutherland. 1986. Causes and economic effects of mortality in livestock guarding dogs. Journal of Range Management 39:293-295.  External resource

 

Marker, L. 2000. Donkeys protecting livestock in Namibia. Carnivore Damage Prevention News 2:7-8.  Download

 

Marker, L., A. Dickman, and M. Schumann. 2005. Using livestock guarding dogs as a conflict resolution strategy on Namibian farms. Carnivore Damage Prevention News 8:28-32.  Download

 

Marker, L., L. Pfeiffer, A. Siyaya, P. Seitz, G. Nikanor, B. Fry, C. O'Flaherty, and S. Verschueren. 2021. Twenty-five years of livestock guarding dog use across Namibian farmlands. Journal of Vertebrate Biology 69.  Download

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Marker, L. L., A. J. Dickman, and D. W. Macdonald. 2005. Perceived effectiveness of livestock-guarding dogs placed on Namibian farms. Rangeland Ecology & Management 58:329-336.  External resource

 

Marker, L. L., A. J. Dickman, and D. W. Macdonald. 2005. Survivorship and causes of mortality for livestock-guarding dogs on Namibian rangeland. Rangeland Ecology & Management 58:337-343.  External resource

 

McConnell, I., L. Marker, and N. Rooney. 2022. Preliminary investigation into personality and effectiveness of livestock guarding dogs in Namibia. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 48:11-19.  External resource

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McManus, J. S., A. J. Dickman, D. Gaynor, B. H. Smuts, and D. W. Macdonald. 2015. Dead or alive? Comparing costs and benefits of lethal and non-lethal human-wildlife conflict mitigation on livestock farms. Oryx 49:687-695.  External resource

 

Meadows, L. E., and F. F. Knowlton. 2000. Efficacy of guard llamas to reduce canine predation on domestic sheep. Wildlife Society Bulletin:614-622.  External resource

 

Ogada, M. O., R. Woodroffe, N. O. Oguge, and L. G. Frank. 2003. Limiting depredation by African carnivores: the role of livestock husbandry. Conservation Biology 17:1521-1530.  External resource

 

Potgieter, G. C., G. I. H. Kerley, and L. L. Marker. 2016. More bark than bite? The role of livestock guarding dogs in predator control on Namibian farmlands. Oryx 50:514-522.  External resource

 

Potgieter, G. C., L. L. Marker, N. L. Avenant, and G. I. Kerley. 2013. Why Namibian farmers are satisfied with the performance of their livestock guarding dogs. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 18:403-415.  External resource

 

Rigg, R. 2001. Livestock guarding dogs: their current use world wide. Canid Specialist Group.  Download

 

Rigg, R., S. Findo, M. Wechselberger, M. L. Gorman, C. Sillero-Zubiri, and D. W. Macdonald. 2011. Mitigating carnivore-livestock conflict in Europe: lessons from Slovakia. Oryx 45:272-280.  External resource

 

Rust, N. A., K. M. Whitehouse-Tedd, and D. C. MacMillan. 2013. Perceived efficacy of livestock-guarding dogs in South Africa: implications for cheetah conservation. Wildlife Society Bulletin 37:690-697.  External resource

 

Smith, M. E., J. D. C. Linnell, J. Odden, and J. E. Swenson. 2000. Review of methods to reduce livestock depredation: I. Guardian animals. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section a-Animal Science 50:279-290.  External resource

 

Soofi, M., M. Soufi, A. Royle, M. Waltert, and I. Khorozyan. 2022. Numbers and presence of guarding dogs affect wolf and leopard predation on livestock in northeastern Iran. Basic and Applied Ecology.  Download

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Stone, S. A., S. W. Breck, J. Timberlake, P. M. Haswell, F. Najera, B. S. Bean, and D. J. Thornhill. 2017. Adaptive use of nonlethal strategies for minimizing wolf–sheep conflict in Idaho. Journal of Mammalogy 98:33-44.  Download

 

Treves, A., and K. U. Karanth. 2003. Human-carnivore conflict and perspectives on carnivore management worldwide. Conservation Biology 17:1491-1499.  External resource

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Urbigkit, C., and J. Urbigkit. 2010. A review: the use of livestock protection dogs in association with large carnivores in the Rocky Mountains. Sheep & Goat Research Journal 25.  External resource

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van Bommel, L., and C. N. Johnson. 2014. Where do livestock guardian dogs go? Movement patterns of free-ranging Maremma sheepdogs. Plos One 9:e111444.  Download

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van Bommel, L., and C. N. Johnson. 2015. How guardian dogs protect livestock from predators: territorial enforcement by Maremma sheepdogs. Wildlife Research 41:662-672.  External resource

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van Eeden, L. M., A. Eklund, J. R. B. Miller, J. V. López-Bao, G. Chapron, M. R. Cejtin, M. S. Crowther, C. R. Dickman, J. Frank, M. Krofel, D. W. Macdonald, J. McManus, T. K. Meyer, A. D. Middleton, T. M. Newsome, W. J. Ripple, E. G. Ritchie, O. J. Schmitz, K. J. Stoner, M. Tourani, and A. Treves. 2018. Carnivore conservation needs evidence-based livestock protection. PLOS Biology 16:e2005577.  Download

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VerCauteren, K. C., M. J. Lavelle, T. M. Gehring, and J.-M. Landry. 2012. Cow dogs: use of livestock protection dogs for reducing predation and transmission of pathogens from wildlife to cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 140:128-136.  External resource

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Zingaro, M., V. Salvatori, L. Vielmi, and L. Boitani. 2018. Are the livestock guarding dogs where they are supposed to be? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 198:89-94.  External resource